Lots of people are confused by the dissimilarity between the dressage terms shoulder-in, shoulder-fore, and first position. They all have a place as far as straightening your dressage horse. That's because we all the time straighten the horse by bringing the forehand in front of the hindquarters. Never straighten the horse by pushing his hindquarters over behind his shoulders.
Let's talk first talk about the dressage term first position. To make your dressage horse straight, all the time ride him in first position.
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First position teaches him "baby engagement" (bending of the joints) of his inside hind leg. If you don't ride your dressage horse in first position (especially when his hollow side is on the inside), he'll open the joints of his inside hind leg and place his hindquarters to the inside. As a result, he won't carry as much weight on his inside hind leg, and it won't get stronger.
Also, if you don't make it a habit to ride in first position at the walk and trot, the first time you'll beyond doubt see and feel that your horse is crooked is while the canter. Your horse will put his hindquarters to the inside because you haven't taught him the mechanics of bending the joints of his hind legs.
To differentiate between these three dressage terms, think of them in this way:
o Shoulder-in is a straightening exercise. Bring your horse's shoulders to the inside at a 30-degree angle to the track. At 30 degrees, his exterior foreleg is in the same track as his inside hind leg.
o Shoulder-fore is also a straightening exercise. Displace your horse's shoulders to the inside at a 15-degree angle to the track so that each leg is traveling on it's own track.
o Think of first position as "the opinion of" a shoulder-in. Use a very subtle version of shoulder-in aids to get first position. First position is not an practice like shoulder-in and shoulder-fore. It's naturally the way you want to ride your level horse.
Because first position is so subtle, ask a ground man to help you learn this feeling. To do this, ride toward man who is standing at the end of the long side. If you're in first position, she won't be able to see your horse's exterior hind foot. That's because it's private behind the exterior front leg. But she should be able to see half of a hoof's width of the inside hind leg stepping to the inside of the inside foreleg.
When you're first studying to ride your dressage horse in first position, you'll probably override the angle and do shoulder-in or shoulder-fore. So it's helpful to have a ground man or mirror so you can make a feel for the subtlety of this position. Once you can identify this feeling, your horse will feel odd and unbalanced to you when he's crooked.
What Do the Dressage Terms Shoulder-In, Shoulder-Fore, and First Position Mean?
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